Su Mu Zhang Mingxi
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes, “Create a good environment that is conducive to the growth of small and medium -sized enterprises, and promote the deep integration of the talent chain of the capital chain of the innovation chain industry chain.” The People’s Bank of China announced on April 7Re -loan, the quota is 500 billion yuan, and the interest rate is 1.75%. It aims to motivate financial institutions to increase financial support for technological transformation and equipment renewal projects for technology -based SMEs and key areas.
After years of development, the innovation environment of small, medium and micro enterprises in my country has been greatly improved, but it still faces part of the challenges.
1. Special measures Optimize the innovation environment of small and medium -sized enterprises in technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises
(1) Build a high -quality platform to improve the level of enterprise cultivation.In recent years, the number of technology companies incubators has been increasing, service expansion, continuous enrichment of types, and continuous improvement of quality, which provides important support for creating a good ecology of innovation and entrepreneurship in my country and cultivating new momentum of economic development.On the one hand, the trend of vertical, specialized, digital, and network transformation and upgrading of technology enterprise incubators is obvious.For example, Hubei Province, as the birthplace of my country’s first technology company incubator, actively explores the service technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises, including industry incubators that surround the industrial chain to develop vertical doors in professional fields, and use knowledge management as the center to accurately pass accuracy. Drip irrigation services create learning incubators, improve the efficiency of incubator service through digital system tools, and broaden the boundary of the incubation carrier service boundary to the “incubator+” mode.On the other hand, the incubation platform system covers various industries and fields, providing start -up enterprises with comprehensive incubation services such as office venues and funding support.For example, Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, builds a high -energy science and technology innovation system with the Cao’ejiang Science and Technology Corridor as a traction in accordance with the idea of “one corridor coordinating, multi -point support, and multi -chain integration”.
(2) Highlight the attributes of science and innovation and gather innovation elements.In terms of funding elements, it has continuously improved a wide range of channels, multi -level, full coverage, and sustainable technology and financial service systems.For example, Shanghai has focused on promoting the development of the International Financial Center and the Science and Technology Innovation Center, especially the Shanghai Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to as the “Shanghai Stock Exchange”) science and technology board based on “the main service is in line with national strategy, breaks through key core technology, and has high market recognition.The strategic goal of science and technology innovation enterprises, focusing on creating Chinese hardcore technology.As of the end of January 2024, a total of 567 companies across the country were listed on the Science and Technology Board of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, with a transaction value of 46.853 billion yuan, mainly concentrated in high -tech industries and strategic emerging industries.In terms of talent factors, it provides strong intellectual support for technology research and development, product innovation, and management upgrades for technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises.For example, Shangyu District of Shaoxing City insists on “citing talents and talents to stay and staying”. The existing types of talents in the district are 254,000, with more than 20,000 new college students each year, and the talent competitiveness index ranks first in the city.
(3) The service system is complete and build a good innovation ecology.
On the basis of providing innovative elements, hardware facilities, office venues, etc., local governments actively improve the innovative entrepreneurial ecological chain covering multi -subject and full links to provide entrepreneurs with more opportunities.On the one hand, it continues to improve the institutional system that supports scientific and technological innovation.For example, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is based on the management concept of “one big, two hard, three, and four fines”, supports a comprehensive service system for blue chips, hard technology companies, multi -variety services, and accurate services, enhance service technology innovation, and target the Shanghai Stock Exchange.Enterprises in the science and technology board coordinate the “High -quality Declaration Course Class” with local governments to help enterprises make preparations for declaration.On the other hand, actively promote the construction of the incubation platform.For example, Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, strives to build “industry -university -research funds, talents Meiyun” to link the entrepreneurial innovation ecology, integrate elements such as technology, funds, talents, policies, environment, and services.Fund, 1 billion yuan transformation and upgrading industrial fund, and talent, science and technology fund, have accumulated 24 provincial and above crowdsourcing spaces (including 3 national crowdsourcing spaces), provincial small and micro enterprise parks and fund investment project industrial parks35.
Second, the innovation environment of technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises is not yet adapted to the requirements of the new situation.
The “Government Work Report” proposes to vigorously promote the construction of the modern industrial system and accelerate the development of new productivity.As a powerful promoter for the formation of new quality productive forces, technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises still face more challenges.
(1) The difficulty of fund acquisition increases.The difficulty of obtaining funding support for technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises has continued to increase, and the phenomenon of “difficulty in financing” still exists, and it is difficult to release the vitality of innovation.First, government financial funds have limited support.The overall scale of government financial funds is limited and difficult to obtain. Some government supports funds for fast approval and slow landing, which is difficult to meet the needs of most technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises.Second, the acquisition of commercial bank loans is more difficult.Technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises generally lack the mortgage and pledge required for traditional bank credit. The characteristics of commercial banks are obvious.Third, the capital market financing channels need to be expanded.The main board and small and medium -sized board have a high threshold, and the GEM has strictly strict requirements for the business income and net profit of enterprises. Most technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises are in the early stages of technology research and development, product development and market development. The market share and profitability are unstable.No listing conditions.Fourth, social capital support such as venture capital is low.Most venture capital funds have a small scale, a single source of capital, a limited development degree, and the problems of poor capital exit channels cannot provide effective financing support for small and medium -sized enterprises in technology.
(2) Talent vitality needs to be stimulated.Technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises often face the problem of technological talent shortages. Talent retention is difficult, talented, and difficult to form a long -term stable employment relationship. This is the main factor affecting its innovation ability and vitality.First, the government’s existing talent introduction policy has stricter requirements for academic degrees. It will sieve off some of the talents with technical but lack of academic qualifications, which is not conducive to talent introduction.Second, enterprises lack the channels for acquisition of high -level talents and a service platform that can quickly and effectively match talents. There is a “island phenomenon” in attracting talent agglomeration.Third, technology -based small, medium -sized and micro enterprises have more incentives for talents. It is difficult to compare with large enterprises. Talent lacks specific career development goals. The work enthusiasm, the sense of belonging, and the sense of accomplishment are not strong, and the loss of talents is more common.
(3) There is still an invisible threshold for innovation and entrepreneurship.Technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises have the characteristics of high investment, high thresholds, and high risks, bringing challenges to the development of the enterprise.The first is that the scientific and technological research and development support system for small and medium -sized enterprises for science and technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises is still not complete. The number of projects is small and the application requirements are high. It is difficult to obtain projects for small and medium -sized enterprises in technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises.Second, the institutional mechanism of small and medium -sized enterprises with small and medium -sized enterprises, universities, and research institutes is not complete. It is not perfect for enterprises to apply for equipment, high costs, and long cycles.Improvement and other issues still exist.
(4) The cluster effect has not been fully played.The development of technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises is relatively independent, lacking awareness of group development, and the cluster effect and scale effect have not yet been formed.First, the development of the industry lacks relevant leading departments or associations, showing the characteristics of many, zero, and scattered. The combination of upstream and downstream enterprises is not close, failed to form a complete industrial chain supply chain, and the industry itself lacks a clear development plan.Second, the good competitive environment in the industry has not yet been formed. Large enterprises monopolize resources through rules and capital hunting, and formed competitive barriers to small, medium and micro enterprises.Third, the protection of corporate intellectual property rights is poor. In order to obtain cooperation opportunities, some small and medium -sized enterprises have to transfer their own development intellectual property rights to cooperative units.
(5) The channel acquisition channels are relatively limited.Compared with large enterprises, technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises have obtained insufficient information and lag, especially for poor international exchange channels, and it is difficult to reach trade relations.The first is that the company’s own resources are limited.Science and technology -based small and medium -sized enterprises participating in policy agency, large -scale exhibitions, and industry association activities are limited. It is impossible to fully obtain domestic and foreign technology cutting -edge information and technology resources, and lack opportunities for cooperation.The second is the lack of a unified policy release platform.Enterprises need to combine their own business situation and sort out the relevant policies related to science and technology, small and medium -sized enterprises, and especially some areas involved in the areas, which increases difficulty to obtain information to enterprises.Third, with the strategic shift of Western countries such as the United States, technology -based small, medium -sized and micro enterprises have also encountered restrictions on suppression of relevant countries. Some foreign scientific and technological talents are worried that there are risks in the cooperation objects, and the cooperation attitude is relatively negative.
3. Multiple measures to promote the high -quality development of small, medium and micro enterprises in technology -based small and medium
In order to further stimulate the innovation and creativity of science and technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises, it is recommended to increase financing support for science and technology SMEs, make good government information disclosure, and promote international exchanges and cooperation.
(1) Do a good job of technology and financial articles, and use more financial resources for small and medium -sized enterprises.The “Government Work Report” has made further strategic deployment of economic and financial work, and proposes to vigorously develop supporting measures such as science and technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, digital finance, optimizing financing credit increase, risk sharing, information sharing and other supporting measures to better better wayMeet the financing needs of small and medium -sized enterprises.Further improve the policies such as entrepreneurial support funds, loan guarantees, tax reduction and subsidies, and encourage banks to carry out financing innovation around the characteristics and demand of small and medium -sized enterprises in science and technology, and provide more flexible loan plans.Encourage small and medium -sized enterprises to actively develop a variety of financing forms such as financing leasing, corporate cluster financing, and commercial credit financing to enhance financing convenience.Explore the establishment of venture capital funds, entrepreneurial incubators, angel investment networks, etc., to provide investment and incubation support for small and medium -sized enterprises.
(2) Adjust and improve policies and measures to help enterprises make good use of policies and public service resources.Focusing on the “Government Work Report” clearly proposed a special operation of digital empowerment of small and medium -sized enterprises, it is recommended that industrial clusters and industrial belts as carriers, government subsidies, technical support, etc., guide the establishment of industry -universal technology platforms and various digital infrastructure facilitiesEssenceEncourage platform enterprises to reduce the use of traffic scenarios and digital tools, to make benefits to small and micro -merchants, and build a mutually beneficial and open -to -inclusive service ecology.The construction of a financing credit service platform is to improve the inclusive financing service system based on credit information, and effectively improve the level of financing convenience in small, medium and micro enterprises.Combined with the actual situation of technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises, use information technology to push policy information.
(3) Strengthen foreign cooperation and help technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises to develop exchanges.The “Government Work Report” will expand the high level of opening up as one of the main tasks, and proposes to deepen multi -bilateral and regional economic cooperation.In this context, combined with the current development dilemma of technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises, it is necessary to actively establish a platform for communication and dialogue between regional and bilateral technology, small and medium -sized enterprises, improve support for intergovernmental scientific and technological innovation cooperation projects, and encourage more technology -based small, medium and micro enterprises to participate in research and developmentCooperation to promote technological exchanges and achievements.Support the development of scientific and technological exchange agencies, encourage scientific and medium -sized enterprises to combine actual demands, accurately match and connect with innovative resources at home and abroad.
(Su Mu and Zhang Mingxi are associate researchers and researchers of the Institute of Strategic Research of China Science and Technology Development Strategic Research Institute)
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